Throughput analysis of manual order picking systems with congestion consideration

Throughput in manual order picking systems with narrow aisles suffers from congestion as pickers cannot pass each other. Only few models incorporate congestion but they have very strict assumptions. In this work, queueing theory is used to analyze systems with traversal routing as well as different storage policies. The models are able to estimate throughput for many alternative designs in a relatively short amount of time. New guidelines for narrow-aisle order picking systems are introduced.