The Role of National Culture in Foreign Policy Making. Anti-Semitism in Europe and European-Israeli Relations

The study explores the influence of cultural factors, specifically anti-Semitism, on the foreign policies of European Union member states regarding Israel and the Middle East conflict. By analyzing five countries—France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom—the research reveals a correlation between levels of anti-Semitism and the quality of relations with Israel. The findings indicate that higher anti-Semitism corresponds with poorer relations, emphasizing the need for a deeper understanding of cultural influences in foreign policy decision-making.