Self-referentiality in 20th century British and American poetry

20th century literature has often been described as highly self-referential. This volume explores different concepts of self-referentiality through discussions of the works of Charles Tomlinson, John Berryman, W. S. Graham, Seamus Heaney, and black poetry. These explorations are framed by a survey of critical approaches to self-referentiality and an analysis of normative ideas in self-referential British and American poetry.